Rome and Carthage were two of antiquity's greatest superpowers. Their intense rivalry was such that a conflict between the two civilizations became inevitable.
Rome's veneer was of an empire triumphal overseas, crushing enemies and claiming new lands.
The Anglo-Scottish Wars were a series of military conflicts between the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of Scotland in the late 13th and early 14th centuries.
The rivalry between the French and the English can be traced back to the Norman conquests in the 11th century.
Russia clashed with the Ottomans over a period of 500 years, fighting each other in 10 wars between 1568 and 1878, the Crimean War (1853–1856), and the First World War (1914–1918).
Relations between Russia and Sweden had already reached a low point during the Middle Ages.
Relations between Denmark and Sweden span a long history of interaction, not all of it friendly.
Two of history's greatest arch rivals, the Ottoman Empire led by Suleiman the Magnificent.